Greek Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Greek Philosophy EssayWhat Is Philosophy? Philosophy The studies of Greco-Roman thinkers on activities and inquiries. It is also the cerebral investigation of the truths and principles of being, intimacy, or conduct. Philosophy focuses on three main types Stoicism Skepticism Epicurean Philosophy consists of these philosophical areas Metaphysics Materialism noble-mindedness Epistemology Empiricism rationalism Ethics Hedonism Cynicism Three Main Types Stoicism Refers to the knowledge of Aristotle oMind is a blank state, impressions are made by the 5 senses. Stoics deny the metaphysical points of view. oReal objects produce piercing feelings. oThe body and soul are pairs that act and react to each other. Skepticism Examines as to what someone should believe- derived from Platos schooling Objections on skepticism oIts commitment to knowledgeable confinement is nonexistent. oIf knowledge is limited and judgment is not expressed, life is presumed unlivable. Epicurean Formulated by Epicurus who believed philosophy was studied to make the soul happy. Happiness created with less deficient of materialistic things and more peace. Philosophical Areas Metaphysics Branch of philosophy accountable for the study of existence.oAnswers what is? The foundation of philosophy oWithout metaphysics, we would not be able to comprehend the world or act accordingly to it. Materialism Refers to the simple focus of the material world. oEverything in the universe is matter and matters. The philosophy is held by those who believed that material items are accountable for existence. Idealism Stresses the central ideal and spiritual interpretations of experiences. oThey believe world exists as a spirit Two forms oMetaphysical idealism oEpistemological idealism Epistemology The investigation of grounds and nature of knowledge of theworld. oFocuses on the knowledge of differences between truths and falsehood. Fundamental aspect to how we think. Empiricism Theory of experience as pr imary source to our knowledge of the world. oLearning by dint of perception. Classical luridness oRejection of innate, in-born knowledge and concepts Radical empiricism oExplains that all our knowledge is derived from our senses. Moderate empiricism oDescribes the exceptions to general empiristic rules. Rationalism Philosophical movement that introduced mathematical methods to philosophy.oCan be understood through mathematical and logicalprinciples, not sensory experiences. Ethics Branch of philosophy dealing with what is the proper action for pityings. oAnswers What do I do? Requirement for human life, decides course of action. Hedonism Doctrine that states that all pleasure is naturally acceptable- good for the soul. Nothing nevertheless pleasure is good. Cynicism Described as a way of life, which consists of asceticism, anti-conformism, and anti-conventionalism. Basis of cynicism is the celibacy of well being and a happy life. Philosophers Socrates Possibly the wisest sage of all time Contributions to philosophy oPithy sayings.oSocratic method of discussion oSocratic irony oSocratic method- saying he knows nix and that unexamined life is not worth living Participated in the military during the Peloponnesian War. oCommitted suicide by ingesting poison hemlock. Plato Fun fact Plato is not his original name- its Aristocles, but was later changed to Plato by his teachers Considered the most important philosopher to have ever lived- father of Idealism. Thought the human soul contained reason, spirit, and appetite. Student and follower of Socrates.Impacted math, science, morals, and political theories with hisbequest of the Academy schooling. Aristotle Student of Plato, teacher of Alexander the Great. Wrote on logic, nature, psychology, ethics, politics, and art. Developed deductive reasoning. Basis Aristotles syllogism Church used Aristotle to explain doctrines in the Middle Ages. Concept of meridian Element Thales Attempted to find naturalistic explan ations of the world identified water as the ultimate principle. Pythagoras Creator of Pythagorean Theorem believed earth was what encompassed all beings.Anaximenes Explained how air was universally present and is the source of all that exists.Heraclitus Disagreed with aforementioned philosophers and claimed fire was the classical element. Empedocles Created the cosmogenic theory that composed of the four classical elements water, earth, fire, and air. 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